Capsaicin
Capsaicin functions as a potent counter irritant to create heat signals and trigger the hot/warm receptors on the nerves.
Methyl Salicylate
It increases blood flow and triggers a warm signal to be sent to the brain.
Menthol
It triggers cold receptors on the nerves.
Eucalyptus oil
It acts as a mild counter irritant.
Camphor
It provides a sensation of coolness in addition to acting as a counter irritant.